Growing of potato microplants in the presence of alginate-silverthiosulfate capsules reduces ethylene-induced culture abnormalities during minimal growth conservation in vitro

Alginate capsules containing anionic complex silverthiosulfate (STS) [Ag(S₂O₃)₂ ^3-] were placed in the culture tubes over minimal growth media for studying whether STS could be used at higher concentrations to sustain ethylene-inhibiting effect during conservation of microplants in six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes in vitro. Different concentrations of STS (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mM) were incorporated into the alginate capsules, and 12 alginate-STS capsules were tested in semisolid (7 g l^–1 agar) minimal growth medium containing 20 g l^–1 mannitol and 40 g l^–1 sucrose. This indirect supplementation of STS through alginate capsules rendered reduced total availability of STS in the minimal growth medium as compared to when it was directly supplemented in the medium at a given concentration. Growing of microplants in the presence of alginate-STS capsules improved the microplant growth and reduced the culture abnormalities over a period of 16 months under minimal growth conditions. Most significant improvement in microplant growth was in terms of green leaf production and leaf senescence. Vitrification, flaccidity and other growth abnormalities, viz., leaf loss, abnormal stem swelling and necrosis were not observed when the microplants were conserved in the presence of alginate-STS capsules. To foster optimum microplant growth and reduce culture abnormalities, potato microplants could favourably be maintained in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mM alginate-STS capsules during minimal growth conservation. Higher concentrations of alginate-STS capsules (>1.0 mM) were in general detrimental to potato microplant growth and survival during prolonged storage in vitro. Release kinetics of STS from the alginate-STS capsules, its distribution in the medium and accumulation of silver in potato microplants were studied using ^110mAg. The release rate of STS from the capsules was found to be directly proportional to the concentrations of alginate-STS capsules. A distinct concentration gradient of ^110mAg in the medium with increasing depth from top to bottom, and its accumulation in the potato microplants may be attributed to the improved anti-ethylene action of STS at higher concentrations through alginate capsules.     

Liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric determination of celecoxib in plasma using single-ion monitoring and its use in clinical pharmacokinetics

Celecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, that has been recently and intensively prescribed as an anti-inflammatory drug in rheumatic osteoarthiritis. A robust, highly reliable and reproducible liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric assay is developed for the determination of celecoxib in human plasma using sulindac as an internal standard. The run cycle-time is <4 min. The assay method involved extraction of the analytes from plasma samples at pH 5 with ethyl acetate and evaporation of the organic layer. The reconstituted solution of the residue was injected onto a Shim Pack GLC-CN, C₁₈ column and chromatographed with a mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile–1% acetic acid solution (4:1) at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The mass spectrometer (LCQ Finnigan Mat) was programmed in the positive single-ion monitoring mode to permit the detection and quantitation of the molecular ions of celecoxib and sulindac at m/z 382 and 357, respectively. The peak area ratio of celecoxib/sulindac and concentration are linear (r²>0.994) over the concentration range 50–1000 ng/ml with a lowest detection limit of 20 ng/ml of celecoxib. Within- and between-day precision are within 1.58–4.0% relative standard deviation and the accuracy is 99.4–107.3% deviation of the nominal concentrations. The relative recoveries of celecoxib from human plasma ranged from 102.4 to 103.3% indicating the suitability of the method for the extraction of celecoxib and I.S. from plasma samples. The validated LC–MS method has been utilized to establish various pharmacokinetic parameters of celecoxib following a single oral dose administration of celecoxib capsules in two selected volunteers.     

Determination of celecoxib in human plasma and rat microdialysis samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Methods for the determination of celecoxib in human plasma and rat microdialysis samples using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry are described. Celecoxib and an internal standard were extracted from plasma by solid-phase extraction with C₁₈ cartridges. Thereafter compounds were separated on a short narrow bore RP C₁₈ column (30×2 mm). Microdialysis samples did not require extraction and were injected directly using a narrow bore RP C₁₈ column (70×2 mm). The detection was by a PE Sciex API 3000 mass spectrometer equipped with a turbo ion spray interface. The compounds were detected in the negative ion mode using the mass transitions m/z 380→316 and m/z 366→302 for celecoxib and internal standard, respectively. The assay was validated for human plasma over a concentration range of 0.25–250 ng/ml using 0.2 ml of sample. The assay for microdialysis samples (50 μl) was validated over a concentration range of 0.5–20 ng/ml. The method was utilised to determine pharmacokinetics of celecoxib in human plasma and in rat spinal cord perfusate.     

油桐尺蠖幼虫龄期的划分

通过对油桐尺蠖Buzura suppressaria Guene幼虫实际蜕皮次数的观察和头壳宽度的测量,确定幼虫龄期为7龄。1～7龄幼虫头壳宽(mm)分别为:0.2905±0.0101,0.4627±0.0213,0.6884±0.03,1.124±0.0407,1.7826±0.0457,2.6772±0.078,3.8401±0.0567。经统计分析得到其龄期y与幼虫头壳宽度x的关系式为y=0.1917e0.436x。     

枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合泮托拉唑对UC患者炎性因子、肠黏膜功能及外周血Th17、CD4+CD25+Treg细胞表达的影响

摘要 目的：观察枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合泮托拉唑对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者炎性因子、肠黏膜功能及外周血Th17、CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞表达的影响。方法：研究对象选择2014年7月~2018年9月期间来我院香山路门诊部接受诊治的80例UC患者,随机分为联合组（枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合泮托拉唑治疗）、对照组（泮托拉唑治疗）,各40例。对比两组的疗效、炎性因子、肠黏膜功能及外周血中Th17及CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞表达 。记录两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果：联合组的临床总有效率为92.50%（37/40）,对照组为70.00%（28/40）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。联合组治疗6个月后血清白介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）水平均明显比对照组低（P<0.05）。联合组治疗6个月后血清D-乳酸含量、二胺氧化酶（DAO）水平均明显比对照组低（P<0.05）。联合组治疗6个月后外周血中Th17细胞表达比对照组低,CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞表达比对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊联合泮托拉唑治疗UC患者,可有效改善肠道环境,使外周血中的 Th17 细胞表达降低,CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞表达增加,并缓解炎症状态,临床效果满意且安全性好。     

脊柱三扳法联合塞来昔布对强直性脊柱炎患者胸腰椎活动和BMP/Smad信号通路的影响

摘要 目的：探讨脊柱三扳法联合塞来昔布对强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者胸腰椎活动和骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）/细胞信号转导分子(Smad)信号通路的影响。方法：选取2016年7月~2018年12月期间我院收治的AS患者150例,根据随机数字表法分为A组（n=50,给予脊柱三扳法治疗）、B组（n=50,给予塞来昔布治疗）和C组（n=50,给予脊柱三扳法联合塞来昔布治疗）,比较三组患者疗效、胸腰椎活动指标、BMP/Smad信号通路相关指标及不良反应发生率。结果：C组治疗6个月后的临床总有效率为94.00%（47/50）高于A组的66.00%（33/50）、B组的72.00%（36/50）（P<0.05）;C组治疗6个月后胸廓活动度、腰椎活动度均高于A组、B组（P<0.05）,指-地距离短于A组、B组（P<0.05）。C组治疗6个月后BMP-Ⅰ受体、BMP-Ⅱ受体、Smad1、Smad4表达水平均低于A组、B组（P<0.05）。三组不良反应发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：脊柱三扳法联合塞来昔布治疗AS患者,疗效显著,可有效改善胸腰椎活动,且不增加不良反应发生率,其具体作用机制可能是通过调节BMP/Smad信号通路实现。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗对未足月胎膜早破的疗效及对其阴道微生态的影响

目的观察乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗对未足月胎膜早破的治疗效果,并探讨其对阴道微生态的影响。方法 86例未足月胎膜早破患者采用随机数表分为常规组与研究组,各43例。常规组予以常规治疗,研究组予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合常规治疗。比较治疗后两组阴道微生态、胎儿宫内感染率和分娩方式、母体和胎儿不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果治疗后研究组Chao1指数和Shannon指数均高于常规组(均P0.05),治疗后研究组阴道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、优杆菌属相对丰度均高于常规组,表皮葡萄球菌属、假单胞菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、支原体属、加德纳菌属、肠球菌属相对丰度均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组胎儿宫内感染率、剖宫产率均低于常规组(均P0.05),研究组自然分娩率高于常规组(P0.05);研究组母体早产、产褥期感染及不良妊娠结局发生率均低于常规组(均P0.05);研究组宫内窘迫及围产儿不良妊娠结局发生率均低于常规组(均P0.05)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗未足月胎膜早破相较于常规治疗可改善阴道微生态,还可降低胎儿宫内感染率、剖宫产率,减少母体和围产儿不良妊娠结局的发生。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合氨苄西林对产褥期阴道淋球菌感染患者的治疗

目的观察并评价乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合氨苄西林治疗产褥期阴道淋球菌感染患者的效果。方法将81例产褥期阴道淋球菌感染患者以随机数表分为常规组(40例)和联合组(41例)。常规组患者给予氨苄西林治疗,联合组患者给予乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合氨苄西林治疗。对比两组患者症状缓解时间,治疗前后阴道灌洗液肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)和白介素6(IL6)水平及阴道pH,同时观察治疗后阴道内乳杆菌检出情况,患者疗效和随访12个月内的复发率。结果联合组患者下腹疼痛、阴道分泌物增多、阴道口红肿、阴道口疼痛、显脓性白带症状缓解时间均短于常规组(均P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后阴道灌洗液TNFα、IL6水平和阴道pH均显著降低,且联合组以上指标水平均低于常规组[(42.45±10.20)ng/L vs(107.66±12.59)ng/L、(33.30±6.71)ng/L vs(59.74±7.99)ng/L、(4.27±0.25) vs(5.47±0.29)](均P<0.05)。2组患者治疗后阴道内乳杆菌检出情况及患者疗效差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且联合组患者阴道内乳杆菌3+/4+者构成比明显高于常规组[82.93% vs 62.50%](P<0.05)。联合组患者总有效率明显高于常规组(97.56% vs 82.50%),而其复发率低于常规组(0.00% vs 15.15%)(均P<0.05)。结论乳杆菌活菌胶囊联合氨苄西林能够加快产褥期阴道淋球菌感染患者症状缓解,控制炎症反应,降低阴道pH;同时改善患者阴道内乳杆菌定植情况,疗效理想,对患者复发率也有积极的控制作用。     

Phylogeography of the whelk genus Cominella (Gastropoda: Buccinidae) suggests long‐distance counter‐current dispersal of a direct developer

The gastropod genus Cominella Gray, 1850 consists of approximately 20 species that inhabit a wide range of marine environments in New Zealand and Australia, including its external territory, the geographically isolated Norfolk Island. This distribution is puzzling, however, with apparently closely‐related species occurring either side of the Tasman Sea, even though all species are considered to have limited dispersal abilities. To determine how Cominella attained its current distribution, we derived a dated molecular phylogeny, which revealed a clade comprising all the Australian and Norfolk Island species nested within four clades of solely New Zealand species. This Australian clade diverged well after the vicariant separation of New Zealand from Australia, and implies two long‐distance dispersal events: a counter‐current movement across the Tasman Sea from New Zealand to Australia, occurring at the origination of the clade, followed by the colonization of Norfolk Island. The biology of Cominella suggests that the most likely method of long‐distance dispersal is rafting as egg capsules. Our robust phylogeny also means that the current Cominella classification requires revision. We propose that our clades be recognized as subgenera: Cominella (s.s.), Cominista, Josepha, Cominula, and Eucominia, with each subgenus comprising only of New Zealand or Australian species. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 115 , 315–332.     

双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利片对便秘型肠易激综合征患者血清胃肠激素水平的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利片对便秘型肠易激综合征(IBS-C)患者血清胃肠激素水平的影响及疗效。方法将内科门诊治疗的IBS-C患者72例随机分为联合组(n=36例)和对照组(n=36例)。联合组患者予以双歧三联活菌胶囊(420 mg/次,3次/d,温开水口服)联合莫沙必利片(5 mg/次,3次/d,饭前半小时服用)治疗8周,对照组患者予以单纯的莫沙必利片治疗,剂量、方法与疗程均同联合组。观察并记录两组患者治疗前后血清血管活性肠肽(VIP)和一氧化氮(NO)水平的变化,并评估其临床效果及药物不良反应。结果治疗8周后,两组患者血清VIP和NO水平较前均有不同程度下降(P0.05或P0.01),且联合组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);联合组患者临床总有效率明显优于对照组(X~2=4.18,P0.05);两组患者治疗中共出现不良反应8例,其中对照组5例,联合组3例,症状较轻,两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(X~2=0.14,P0.05)。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊联合莫沙必利片治疗IBS-C患者的疗效较显著,两者具有协同增效作用,能明显改善患者便秘症状,其安全性较佳,作用机制可能与其能降低血清VIP和NO水平,纠正血清胃肠激素水平异常,从而改善其胃肠道动力功能密切相关。